Aquilonia

• Population: 5,800,000
• Capital: Tarantia (pop. 380,000)
• Rulers: King Numedides (38 - 42); Conan I (42 - 62)
• Major cities: Shamar, Tanasul
• Resources: Wood, grain and cattle; some iron, tin and copper mines, but few sources of precious metals.
• Imports: The cities of Aquilonia attract goods from all over the West, and virtually anything can be purchased in the markets of Tarantia.  
• Historical Equivalent: Carolingian France (Southern Aquilonia); Wales (Bossonia); Carolingian Saxony (Gunderland)
• Religion: Mitra, Asura, Ibis

The foremost of the Hyborian kingdoms during Conan's time, situated east of the Pictish wilderness, west of Nemedia, north of Zingara and Ophir, and south of Cimmeria.

Aquilonia has a pleasant, temperate climate. The Border Range of Nemedia naturally delineates its borders on the east, the thickly forested hills of Cimmeria to the north, the large Thunder River to the west, and the Tybor River in the south. Another area of rugged mountains arise in the southern province of Poitain, flanked by the Alimane and Khorotas Rivers.   Interior Aquilonia is well drained by the rivers Shirki, Khorotas, Ossar, Fury, and the presumed Valkia. East of the Shirki and extending nearly to the foothills of the Border Range of Nemedia lay fertile plains interspersed with "tame" woodlands.

The frontier region of Westermarck between the Thunder and Black Rivers is thinly settled and beleaguered by Picts. East of the Thunder River and curving northward toward the Cimmerian lands lays the narrow buffer province called the Bossonian Marches, or Bossonia. The nobles of Aquilonia are unable to extend their sway over the staunch villagers of this region.

Another enclave that resists the power of Aquilonian nobility was Gunderland in the far northwestern hills. Its ancient people, of the purest Hyborian stock, "never consider themselves exactly Aquilonians".

The capital of Aquilonia is Tarantia, lying on the Road of Kings, the main east-west trade route of the Hyborian world.

King Numedides (38-42) is cruel, manipulated by a sorceror, and increasingly insane.  He is unable to keep in check the powerful Aquilonian feudal aristocracy, to such an extent that these seized all the good cropland as hunting reserves and forced the peasantry into risk colonisation ventures in the Westermarck, constantly exposed to Pict raiders.

It was among the people of Westermarck that Conan acquired initial support, which drew the attention of the Poitanians who helped him usurp the throne.  Conan slew Numedides and was hailed as a liberator.  He could not easily dompt, however, the centrifugal forces of the Aquilonian kingdom and faced numerous uprisings.  Nonetheless Conan I held onto his throne for two décades before abdicating in favour of his son, Conan II.

The army of Aquilonia is made up of the King's personal bodyguard, the Black Dragons, foreigners wearing black armour; the palatine Black Legion, the imperial squadrons of cavalry of the permanent army, Bossonian bowmen, spearmen - among whom the very best infantry in the world, the wild Gundermen spearmen - and numerous mercenaries.